![]() ![]() ![]() This practice can lead to several problems such as: This can lead to data redundancy, a situation that occurs in a database when a field needs to be updated in more than one table. Often, within an organization, files and applications are created by different programmers from various departments over long periods of time. Using the file-based system to keep organizational information has a number of disadvantages. Example of a file-based system used by banks to manage data. For banking systems, the programs may be used to debit or credit an account, find the balance of an account, add a new mortgage loan and generate monthly statements. Each has its own applications that manage and manipulate different data files. As we can see, there are different departments in the bank. ![]() The system just described is called the file-based system.Ĭonsider a traditional banking system that uses the file-based system to manage the organization’s data shown in Figure 1.1. New applications are added to the system as the need arises. These application programs have been written at the request of the users in the organization. A company system has a number of application programs each of them is designed to manipulate data files. One way to keep information on a computer is to store it in permanent files. However, it wasn’t that long ago that computers relied on a much less elegant and costly approach to data management called the file-based system. Today’s users take for granted the many benefits found in a database system. The way in which computers manage data has come a long way over the last few decades. Chapter 1 Before the Advent of Database Systems ![]()
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